JT65 Salutations

I have been using JT modes for a number of years now and have got a typical logged QSO down to about 4 minutes. This is great for quickly changing conditions especially on 6 metres. I find the reply RRR to be superfluous and I therefore don't use it.

A typical QSO would go like this

1. CQ G8YPH IO83 (CQ call)
2. G8YPH G8RLR IO83 (QSO received by my station clock starts)
3. G8RLR G8YPH -01 (QSO initial report sent clock minute 1)
4. G8YPH G8RLR R-01 (QSO other station report sent minute 2)
5. G8RLR G8YPH RR73 (QSO report acknowledged and 73 sent minute 3)
6. G8YPH G8RLR 73 (QSO other station 73 sent minute 4)

So the logbook shows up 4 minutes elapsed time even though the initial CQ doesn't count in the logged QSO. So in theory you should be able to work 12 stations an hour (1 minute for the CQ and4 minutes for the logged QSO).

FT-450D Digimodes revisited

I'd had a few questions on how I connect the computer to the FT-450D when using digimodes (or even just controlling it with a program like Ham Radio Deluxe) and decided to do a block diagram of how I achieve this.
This diagram is a full picture of the station layout so you can see how everything hooks together. Feel free to use it for the basis for your own datamodes operation.
In case you are wondering why I have 2 ATUs, one is in the shack for tuning the Diamond 2000 when it is switched into circuit and the other is outside at the feed point of the 9:1 UNUN end fed antenna.

Physically I have two USB hubs in circuit. One of them has USB sockets arranged side by side and the other in a vertical column pattern. The USB deices that plug into them can't go into one hub as they foul each other. Either they are too wide or too thick to have them all in one hub. So having two enables full flexibility and physical room. The diagram only shows one hub for clarity.

FT450D and Ham Radio Deluxe - Macro for switching to low power, initiating TX, tune external ATU, resetting back to original power.

As some operators of the FT450D know there is a CS button that can be programmed to do a number of useful features. Unfortunately Yaesu in their wisdom omitted this button from being controlled with a CAT command. So using a program such as Ham Radio Deluxe you can't press this button with a mouse click.
I have programmed my particular CS button to initiate a low power carrier to enable the antenna to be tuned. Note this is not the same as the TUNE button which initiates the tuning of the internal ATU.

I had been looking for ages to try and find a way of doing this then I thought of macros that are available from within Ham Radio Deluxe (other programs may also have this feature and the following commands also apply).

Most of my working is on digital modes such as JT65 or PSK31. This is normally transmitted on USB regardless of the band so I set out doing this:

• Change the mode to AM (or CW - my LDG RT-100 works ok on any mode but they recommend AM)
• Set the power at 5 watts
• Trigger the transmitter. This enables you to press any external ATU tune buttons or if like me you have a carrier triggered fully automatic remote ATU - nothing.
• Set the mode back to USER U (USB audio fed to the rig via the data socket)
• Set the power back to its original setting - in my case 30 watts

The CAT commands to do this are below

MD03;
EX048005;
TX1;
TX;
TX1;
TX;
TX0;
MD0C;
EX048030;

I put multiple TX1 TX commands in as HRD seemed to just switch TX power on and off almost simultaneously. So the addition of a couple more TX commands resulted in what I was looking for and latched TX on until I pressed the macro button again..
Save this as a macro in Ham Radio Deluxe and assign it to a button. (read the HRD manual to do this).

30 Watts and AM TUNE Buttons added

In use here is what I do

One click does the first part of the macro resulting in the TX button being set. Another press of the button switches off the TX and resets everything (apart from the power) back to the original settings.  Because there appeared to be a bug somewhere in having the the EX048005; and EX048030; commands in the same macro I wrote another separate macro to set the power to 30 watts.
If you use HRD try it out. If you have another CAT control program the same command should also work.

HRD Specific Macro Method

There is also another way to do this using HRD's own Macro commands but this is specific to HRD (not the CAT macro command editor)
In the Macro editor create a new macro
Add the following commands in

TYPE                            TITLE             VALUE
Advanced/Slide             RF Power        5
Dropdown Button                                  Mode: AM
Standard Button              TX                 Switch ON
Standard Button              TX                 Switch OFF
Dropdown Button                                  Mode: USER-U

AM Tune Macro

Set power to 30W

JT65-HF HB9EQX Edition

As part of my exploration into the, new to me, JT65 mode I have found lots of pieces of software written to make the use of the mode. One of which is JT65-HF HB9HQX Edition which is currently at version 0.9.98.0
Obviously a lot of work has gone into this and joy of joys it interfaces really well with Ham Radio Deluxe. When first launched it asks you for your station details, the rig connection, the sound cards and whether you are using CAT. It also asks you what form of logging you have. A lot of the extensive settings can be left at the default,

The main screen

If you are using Ham Radio Deluxe with CAT simply choose the "Cat is enabled via Ham Radio Deluxe.." option and, assuming you already have HRD working fine, it will work seamlessly. You do have to stop DM780 before you start JT65-HF however.

Choose HRD on the CAT tab

The screen shows the waterfall in the narrow portion and the dialog exchange in the main scrollable window. If you have CAT working successfully the frequency and band are in the QRG and Band boxes top left. Above the current date and time are the audio input level and a user defined output level.

Conversation buttons

The main buttons controlling the dialog exchange are on the right hand side and are arranged in a logical order. They conveniently change colour throughout a QSO which is useful if you are wondering what to press next!


When you have finished the QSO button you simply press the Log QSO button and a dialog box allowing you to customize any message appears. Clicking the next Log QSO button actually writes the entry to the logbook - in my case the HRD logbook.

Log QSO

What I have found though is if you have HRD to automatically send an eQSL to eQSL.cc it doesn't work when using this method of log addition. You have to manually select the QSO's in HRD Logbook and upload them to eQSL manually. Not a great problem but if you were waiting for that elusive QSL card and wondering why this is the reason. Also if you normally use QRZ.COM to enter the various station fields from within HRD Logbook you will find that the stations added from JT65HF will need refreshing to get their full details. Again not a problem you just need to be aware of it.

Simple QSO operation.

If everything has been setup correctly, the application communicating with the rig, the soundcard levels set, the rig tuned to one of the JT65 frequencies (you can select them from the QRG pulldown) and the antenna tuned you can just sit and watch contacts appearing on the Exchange screen.


CQs and DX calls appear in green, existing exchanges between stations are shown in blue. Your signals are shown with a white background. This is all assuming you use the default colours.

The exchange box

The waterfall shows a graphical representation of what is being recieved. You can also set it so it shows the callsigns of the stations. You current transmit frequency is highlighted by a red bar above the waterfall.

A typical waterfall display

To reply to a CQ request you simply left click (on a Windows PC) on the green highlighted entry. This automatically populates the "Generated Text" field with a suitable reply. This by convention is their callsign, your callsign and your locator square. Then at the start of the next minute the application transmits this message.

The reply to you showing the initial signal report -02 dB

Replies to you are in pink and you can see the 73 message

The station will then reply back with a signal report - the displayed colour is pink. In the meantime JT-65HF highlights the next appropriate button to press. In this case it is the R-db button. It then populates the Generated Text field with his station, your station and a R with a reading of the dB sent field.

The next button to press is automatically highlighted

The other station then replies back with either RRR or 73. You click on the 73 button and again the relevant text is populated in the reply box and the QSO is finished.
Finally you click on the Log QSO button and it will make an entry in your log.


If you have enabled sound it will also sound a CQ in morse on your shack monitor when somebody has sent a CQ. You can also set the sound to warn you if somebody has replied back to you. I have mine set to G8YPH in morse. There are other sounds you can set too.

If you have already worked a station on JT65 before then their entry in the exchange screen is marked in a dark green colour and it says QSO B4 at the tail end of the entry which is convenient.

QSO B4

There are many more features of this well written program and I have found so far that it is by far the easiest to use. The only limitation is that is only 1 mode available and that is JT65 so if you want to use it on 6m with JT6M you can't.

WSJT-X JT65 Operation using the Yaesu FT-450D

I decided to have a look at the JT digimodes to see if I decipher these strange tones I'd heard. For those people unfamiliar with JT these modes have been designed to allow amateurs to have QSO's using 13 character overs using very low power and hence very weak signals. A typical over would be:

• Call CQ with the Maidenhead locator
• Establish contact
• Exchange signal reports
• Wish each other best wishes and terminate the QSO

There are several packages available on the internet for transmitting/receiving/decoding these very weak signal protocols. One of which is  WSJT-X available from here that I for one have found very easy to setup and use.

WSJT-X wide waterfall

After installation of the software you go to the setup screen and enter your Callsign and locator square. Then you set the sound cards that you are using, choose the rig from an extensive database on a pulldown and then set the COM port settings and whether to let the rig CAT control the PTT.
All very simple to do and so much easier than the other popular program WSJT.

WSJT-X setup screen with specifics
for my FT-450D and the COM port configuration

However WSJT-X does have a limitation in that it currently (August 2015) encodes/decodes JT65 and JT9 protocols. Whereas WSJX contains all sorts of exotic modes - but I never managed to get the latter to key the transmitter so it is irrelevant to me!

I switched the rig on, loaded the WSJT-X program, set it to JT65 mode, got it to tune the rig to 14.076 MHz (the CAT control works well as long as you first set the Yaesu FT450D to VFO mode and USB/DATA) and just listened for a while to see what it would pickup.

WSJT-X showing typical activity on the entire portion of the band
(the equivalent of Supersweeper in DM780) in the left hand side of the pane
and a QSO received on the current receive frequency on the right hand side.
The receive/transmit audio frequencies can be seen on
their respective pulldowns

The receive (green) and transmit (red)
audio frequencies can also be seen in the waterfall

It seems that JT modes can be set to transmit on even or odd minutes and transmit 13 characters at a time.

Checkbox to set transmitting in even minutes

Musical notes

JT65 and similar modes sound like a piccolo flute to the human ear. WSJT-X has a waterfall display that shows the various signals in a graphical form that it is picking up. At the end of a transmission the decoder kicks in an a series of QSO's appear on the left hand side of the main display.

After a segment of listening a typical QSO looks similar to this:

• CQ G8YPH IO83    - A CQ call is made by G8YPH with the locator square
• G8YPH K1ABC FN42 - K1ABC responds back with their locator square
• K1ABC G8YPH -21  - G8YPH sends a signal report
• G8YPH K1ABC R-19 - K1ABC acknowledges and sends a signal report
• K1ABC G8YPH RRR - G8YPH sends an acknowledgement
• G8YPH K1ABC 73 - K1ABC sends best wishes and the QSO is complete

As this one station is set to transmit on odd minutes and the other is on even minutes the minimum amount of time for the QSO is 6 minutes. Of course you might both be on even minutes (I've seen some stations doing that for some odd reason) so it could take 11 minutes to do the QSO! You just have to be patient whilst operating this mode.

Power settings

The power settings of the rig are normally quite low - initial contact could be 20 watts dropping to 5 watts. Worldwide communication is possible using these modes with quite modest power settings and antenna setups. I'm going to investigate the modes more as my first contact was on 20m with a station in Moldova. This was a country I hadn't worked on any mode despite it being in Europe. I left the rig on just listening and Chinese stations were clearly seen and worked - another country I had never been able to work on fatter bandwidth modes. China is some 8000 miles away from this station QTH and both this station and the Chinese station were running just 5 watts.

Unfortunately this particular piece of software will not work with Ham Radio Deluxe yet so I have to unload the HRD rig control and DM780 software module. You can still have the HRD Logbook module running but have to enter any QSO's manually. I suppose it's only a matter of time until the JT modes are integrated.

Future operational details

I'll report on the various aspects of this software in future posts as I find out how best to operate it.
Watch this space....

73s de Terry G8YPH